Documentation Index
Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.berachain.com/llms.txt
Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
BeaconKit
BeaconKit is a modular and customizable consensus layer framework that leverages the CometBFT consensus algorithm for building Ethereum-based blockchains. Read more in BeaconKit overview.BERA token
$BERA is the native gas token of Berachain’s L1 and serves multiple purposes:- Used for paying transaction fees
- Validator staking token to secure the network — more BERA staked means more blocks proposed
- PoL emission token (as WBERA) for Reward Vault rewards
BEX
Berachain’s native decentralized exchange. Read more in BEX Overview.BGT (Bera governance token)
BGT was the Berachain Governance Token. It was previously used for governance and reward routing. It can be burned and converted 1:1 for BERA. Read more in Tokens - $BGT.Block
A data unit containing a list of transactions that is permanently added to the blockchain in a sequential manner.Block time
The time it takes to create a new block on the blockchain. Berachain has an average block time of < 3 seconds. Note that block time can increase depending on network congestion.CometBFT
A general-purpose blockchain consensus engine used by Berachain to achieve high throughput and fast finality in transactions. Read more at Cometbft.com.Consensus client
The consensus client is a piece of software responsible for achieving agreement among network nodes about the current state of the blockchain. It handles the process of validating transactions and blocks, ensuring they adhere to network rules, and deciding which blocks get added to the blockchain. On Berachain, the consensus client is BeaconKit; see BeaconKit consensus.Consensus mechanism
The protocol by which nodes in the Berachain network agree on the state of the blockchain. Berachain uses Proof-of-Liquidity to select validators based on their provided liquidity. See Proof of Liquidity overview.Delegation
The process by which a token holder grants voting or validation power to another participant in the network. For Reward Vault delegation, see Reward Vaults — Delegation.DEX (decentralized exchange)
A platform that enables the buying and selling of tokens directly on the blockchain without a centralized intermediary. All liquidity is verifiably owned by smart contracts.Dedicated Emission Stream (DES)
Governance-selected carve-out of Reward Vault emission allocated before validator-specific allocation, with per-vault cumulative caps. See Block rewards — Dedicated Emission Stream.Effective balance
A validator’s stake rounded down to a 10,000 BERA increment. Voting power and reward weight are computed from effective balance, not actual balance. Effective balance updates lazily — it only moves when actual balance crosses the hysteresis buffer above or below the next increment, which keeps voting power stable under small balance fluctuations.EIP (Ethereum Improvement Proposal)
A standards document that specifies a change or addition to Ethereum. EIPs cover protocol features (new opcodes, precompiles, gas repricings), wallet behaviors, and ecosystem conventions, and are the unit Berachain references when adopting upstream changes (for example, the Fusaka EVM features). Each EIP has a number; the Protocol Features page lists which EIPs are live on Berachain and links to the upstream specification.Engine API
The Engine API is the interface that allows communication between the execution and consensus layers of an EVM node. BeaconKit, as a consensus layer, leverages this to be easily paired with any execution client. See BeaconKit consensus.Execution client
An EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) execution client is a software application responsible for the actual computation of transactions within blocks. It interprets and executes the code of smart contracts using the EVM, manages state changes, and executes the transaction logic. See EVM execution. Supported EVM Execution Client:- Bera-Reth: Berachain’s fork of the Reth execution client, a Rust-based client focusing on performance and reliability
Finality
The assurance that once a transaction is confirmed on the blockchain, it cannot be altered or reversed. Berachain provides instant finality for transactions; see single slot finality.Governance
The system by which decisions are made within the Berachain ecosystem. Governance involves proposals, voting, and the implementation of changes for PoL & Berachain’s native dapps (BEX, HoneySwap). For PoL governance specifics, see Reward vault governance.Hysteresis
The buffer that decouples a validator’s effective balance from small movements in actual balance. Effective balance only steps up or down when actual balance crosses an asymmetric threshold around an increment boundary: actual balance must rise more than 1,000 BERA above the next 10,000 BERA increment to trigger an upward step (~110% of the increment), and must fall more than 100 BERA below an increment to trigger a downward step. See Validator lifecycle for the worked example.HONEY
$HONEY is the native stablecoin of the Berachain ecosystem, soft-pegged to 1 USDC. It is used throughout the Berachain ecosystem and involves minting and burning fees. Read more in Tokens - $HONEY.
Liquidity
The availability of liquid assets to facilitate trading on the Berachain network. Liquidity is often provided by users through liquidity pools.Liquidity pool
A collection of funds locked in smart contracts, used to facilitate trading on decentralized exchanges and other DeFi services.Liquidity provider
A user who deposits tokens into a liquidity pool, earning a portion of fees generated from swaps in the pool, as well as other potential rewards (from PoL or otherwise).Mainnet
The primary network where transactions comprising real value occur on the Berachain blockchain, as opposed to test networks used for development.Proof-of-Liquidity
A consensus mechanism that aligns economic incentives between validators, applications, and users. Validators are selected based on staked $BERA; Reward Vault emissions are distributed in $WBERA. Read more in Proof of Liquidity overview.Single slot finality
A process where finality is achieved in the same block proposed. Sometimes also referred to as Instant Finality.Staking
The process of locking up tokens to support the operations of a blockchain network. In Berachain, staking is used to secure the network and participate in governance.Swap
The process of exchanging one token for another on a decentralized exchange. Swaps involve a fee, which varies depending on the pool’s settings.WBERA staking
By staking BERA or WBERA into the Staking Vault, holders receive $sWBERA and earn yield from the Incentive Auction. After validator commission (default 5%, max 20%), redirected incentive tokens are settled for WBERA viaBGTIncentiveFeeCollector; auction WBERA is split pro-rata between the $sWBERA vault and registered LST staker vaults. Read more in \$sWBERA.