> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.berachain.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Block Production & Rewards

> Block production, fixed WBERA reward rate, and reward distribution.

Proof of Liquidity pays Reward Vault emissions in \$WBERA. Validators produce blocks according to \$BERA stake, then allocate a fixed WBERA emission to governance-whitelisted Reward Vaults.

## Validator selection

The network maintains an active set of **69 validators** eligible for block production.

* The top **69 validators** by \$BERA stake enter the active set.
* Block proposal probability is proportional to staked \$BERA.
* Stake range per validator:
  * Minimum: 250,000 \$BERA
  * Maximum: 10,000,000 \$BERA

## Block reward model

Each block has two reward paths:

1. **Base reward**: a fixed amount paid to the block-producing validator.
2. **Reward Vault emission**: a fixed `rewardRate` emitted in \$WBERA and allocated to Reward Vaults.

## Fixed emission rates

`BlockRewardController` encodes **base** and **reward** emission **constants** in contract bytecode:

* **`baseRate()` — validator:** **0.4 WBERA per block** paid to the block-producing **validator’s operator**.
* **`rewardRate()` — Reward Vault path:** **1.305 WBERA per block** sent to the **distributor** for BeraChef → Reward Vault allocation.

**`getMaxEmissionPerBlock()`** returns **`baseRate() + rewardRate()`** — **1.705 WBERA per block** total from this controller when both legs apply.

For the end-to-end flow from block emission through Reward Vaults to user yield, see the diagram on [Proof of Liquidity Overview](/general/proof-of-liquidity/overview). This page focuses on the rate model and BeraChef allocation mechanics.

## BeraChef reward allocation

BeraChef manages how each validator allocates the Reward Vault emission:

1. Reward allocation weights across whitelisted vaults.
2. Validator incentive commission settings.
3. Vault whitelisting and baseline allocation behavior.

Validators can queue allocation updates and activate them after the delay window.

## Dedicated Emission Stream (DES)

Before validator-specific allocation is applied, governance can carve out a portion of the Reward Vault emission and route it to strategically important vaults. DES guarantees minimum emission without relying on individual validator allocation decisions.

See [Dedicated Emission Stream](/general/proof-of-liquidity/dedicated-emission-stream) for the full business rationale, governance parameters, and per-vault cap mechanics.

## Reward distribution timing

Distributor pushes emissions per block. Reward Vaults then stream claimable rewards across their configured duration window, often three days.

This behaves like a rolling stream: each new block updates the amount entering the unlock schedule.